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| intervention level | passive | traditional group | one-on-one |
| pre-activity score | 8.04+/-1.28 | 7.84+/-1.27 | 6.65+/-1.16 |
| post activity score | 8.28+/-1.14 | 7.84+/-1.16 | 7.17+/-1.50 |
| significance | p=.11 | p=.50 | *p=.03 |
| pre-BMI | 26.68+/-5.63 | 25.57+/-5.54 | 33.10+/-5.75 |
| post-BMI | 26.82+/-5.85 | 25.60+/-5.75 | 32.54+/-7.95 |
| significance | p=.23 | p=.47 | *p=.02 |
Authors
R.F. Hall1; J.H. Siegel1.
1University of Miami School of Nursing & Health
Studies, Coral Gables, FL.
Background
Children in society are at risk because of lack of
consistent exercise in their daily lives. It is well known
that lack of exercise has contributed to increases in
obesity, type 2 diabetes, and negative self-concept of
children. Obesity is now recognized by Centers for Disease
Control (CDC), the Surgeon General, the National
Institutes of Health (NIH), and Healthy People 2010, as a
national health priority. Alarmingly, 14% of children and
adolescents are overweight in the United States and 20%
are at risk for overweight (Dennison, Erb, & Jenkins,
2002). As the rates of childhood obesity rise, physical
disorders such as type 2 diabetes and sleep apnea are not
uncommon. Regular exercise is one intervention that can
positively impact this epidemic (NIH, 2000). However, lack
of funding, busy lifestyle, and sedentary activities are
some of the barriers that interfere with regular exercise.
The purpose of this innovative model is to evaluate the
effectiveness of a fifteen-minute structured dance type
exercise program on height and weight measurement and
self-concept for a convenience sample of 4th and 5th
graders in an elementary school for a 6 month period.
Methods
The students will participate in a video-based exercise
program in their classroom that will be shown over the
school video system. Information sessions will be held at
Parent Teachers Student Association meetings. Informed
consent will be obtained for 4th and 5th graders. A pre
and posttest design using repeated measures Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) will measure the efficacy of the dance
type exercise program between pre and post body mass index
(BMI) and self-concept. Descriptive data analysis will
include age in months and years, ethnicity, and primary
language spoken. Hopefully, the model will be an
effective, efficient, and inexpensive way to promote
exercise and reduce risk for overweight and negative self
concept.
Results
This project is in progress.
Discussion
Inexpensive and uncomplicated interventions are a good
starting point for introducing and maintaining physical
activity in children and adolescents.
Author
A.A. Jaglowski, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee,
FL.
Background
In January 2004, the Florida Department of Health unveiled
"Step Up, Florida!" a statewide event promoting physical
activity and healthy lifestyles. During Step Up, Florida!
2004 communities came together to demonstrate their
commitment to healthy lifestyles, and to motivate and
educate the public on the importance of staying active.
During Step Up, Florida! 2005 events all 67 counties came
together to promote the importance of physical activity
while also highlighting local opportunities to be
physically active.
Methods
The Florida Department of Health served as lead for this
campaign, with local coordinators in all 67 county health
departments. Coordinators took the lead in mobilizing
community partners to showcase the varied physical
activity opportunities unique to their counties. 4
parameters were established to guide planning efforts;
adherence to assigned date, following a safety plan,
involving youth and planning a county route that was in
line with the routes that had been established for the
state. Fitness flags were passed along the 4 routes to
transverse the whole state with Orlando as the destination
during the month of February. Daily press releases, weekly
conference calls and a real-time website provided a
web-based toolkit, daily photos and chronological coverage
for this month long event.
Results
Process evaluation data was collected from participants
(n=400), coordinators (n=67) and county health department
directors (n=40) to guide future planning. Outcome data
included number of participants (111,639), community
partners (1,328), school partners (357), walking events
(125), biking events (47) and other physical activity
events (153).
Discussion
To make Step Up, Florida! successful, county health
departments partnered with organizations that they had not
traditionally partnered with. The breadth and depth of the
partnerships developed was unprecedented. The media
attention garnered by this event has put obesity and
physical activity into the forefront in Florida.
Authors
J.L. Marble1; L. Colavecchio1.
1Massachusetts Department of Public Health,
Boston, MA.
Background
Keep Moving a public/private partnership, between the
state health department, the state unit on aging and Blue
Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts promotes physical
activity, fitness and socialization for older adults
through a network of walking clubs. The program conveys
the message to seniors that "It's never too late to start
exercising." Physical activity promotes healthy lifestyles
among older populations and is an essential component to
preventing or postponing chronic disease.
Methods
Volunteer "peer leaders," who are trained by the MA
Department of Public Health, are the "heart and soul" of
the program. Leader training modules include physiology of
aging, nutrition, safety, nuts and bolts of starting a
walking club, tips on building public/private partnerships
for funding, and innovative ways to reach new audiences,
e.g. men, urban dwellers and diverse ethnic populations.
Club leaders are responsible for recruiting walkers,
previewing and scheduling walks, and conveying health
information. Keep Moving is grounded in evidence-based
research supporting physical activity for older adults,
the use of peer leaders to convey health information, and
the value of community networks in keeping elders socially
engaged.
Results
A statewide network of 183 community-based walking clubs
with more than 2,500 senior walkers has been established.
The "club connection" helps to prevent isolation, keeps
people connected to their communities and motivates
individuals to incorporate physical activity into their
daily routines. Keep Moving's walking clubs have been
sustained over time under the auspices of local
organizations, e.g. councils on aging, senior centers,
housing sites, churches, recreation departments and civic
groups.
Discussion
Workshop participants will be introduced to the Keep
Moving Instructional Guide to assist them in replicating
the Keep Moving program in their states.
Authors
L. Metcalfe1; T. Lohman1.
1University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Background
In 2003, The University of Arizona Center for Physical
Activity and Nutrition (CPAN), developed a community
physical activity and weight loss project based on their
weight loss and physical activity research to support the
efforts of the Healthy Tucson Initiative. The program was
designed to increase physical activity levels and provide
skill development and social support for healthy lifestyle
habits. 2005 will mark the third year of community
contact. A unique aspect of the program is to promote
long-term changes in lifestyle choices that foster
maintenance of weight loss.
Methods
In 2003 and 2004 participants attended 12-weekly
educational sessions that provided information,
inspiration and social support. In 2005 the format evolved
to monthly workshops. The concept utilizes the Mayor as
the community "CEO" to lead citizens in a "New Year's
Resolution" held January through April. Additional
programming was provided through a summer incentive
program and fall booster sessions. A partnership was
developed with the City of Tucson employee base,
PacifiCare, and other funding partners to implement the
program.
Results
In 2003 over 950 people signed up for the Challenge and
over 400 people participated in the 12-week educational
program. The final weigh out included 380 people and a
total of 2,333 lbs lost. In 2004 over 750 people signed up
for the Challenge, 248 completed the 12-week program with
a total weight loss of 1,614 lbs. (2005's data is still
being processed)
Discussion
Creating an on-going community weight loss and physical
activity project is a challenging task. Maintaining
relationships, nurturing financial support and creating an
educational and behavioral "product" that would inspire
the community continue to be high priorities for this
endeavor. This presentation will share program start-up
and on-going operational aspects of the Challenge, as well
as the educational and behavioral content. Lessons learned
during start-up, year 1-3 initiation and process
observations will be addressed.
Authors
A.D. Mickalide1; M.K. Appy1; P.H.
Adkins1.
1Home Safety Council, Washington, DC.
Background
Falls are the leading cause of unintentional home injuries
and deaths in the United States, causing more than 5.6
million injuries and more than 6,700 deaths per year.
Older adults are particularly vulnerable to falls at home.
In fact, people ages 65 and older suffer the highest rates
of fall-related deaths among all ages. Falls in a home
often happen during everyday activities such as standing
up, going up or down stairs, walking to the bathroom or
getting in and out of the tub or shower.
Methods
The Safe Steps program is designed to help older adults
and caregivers assess their risks, promote ways they can
help prevent slips and falls and provide them with
low-cost solutions and simple behavioral changes to ensure
their personal safety and independence. The program
designed for senior centers consists of a 12-minute video
designed to inform and inspire older adults on home safety
and falls prevention; three reproducible activity panels;
a wall poster; and a director's guide. More than 11,000
senior centers have received the Safe Steps program,
thanks to funding from Lowe's, Juno Lighting and the
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Results
Preliminary evaluation indicates that the Home Safety
Council's Safe Steps program was extremely well received
by senior center staff and enjoyed a 93% usage rate. The
video and materials were used in a myriad of settings
including conferences, training seminars, health fairs,
staff meetings, meals-on-wheels outreach visits, and
injury prevention training at hospitals.
Discussion
For an older adult, a fall can be a life-changing event.
Individuals who once loved taking long walks and leisurely
strolls may find their mobility suddenly limited by the
need to use a walker or cane. Older adults who once took
great pride in their independence may find themselves
forced to depend on relatives or live in a nursing home
for the remainder of their lives. The Home Safety
Council's Safe Step program can help to prevent many of
these falls through simple behavioral and environmental
changes.
Authors
I. Nobles1; C.M. Hendrix2.
1College of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn
University, Auburn, AL;
2Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
Background
This presentation describes an innovative children's book,
Are You as Healthy as a Horse? The main character and
"hero" of the book is Paul Bunyan, a healthy Haflinger
pony, who resides at Storybook Farm in Opelika, Alabama.
Paul Bunyan lives by example as he asks the proverbial
question, "Are you as healthy as a horse?"
Methods
The HEALTHY horse, Paul Bunyan, demonstrates to the
children who ride the horses at Storybook Farm the many
ways by which he maintains his health and well being in
the 21st century. Paul Bunyan tells the children all of
the benefits of good nutrition, proper exercise, receiving
the proper immunizations, thorough dental care, safety
tips, skin care, and even good hoof (foot) care. It is
amazing how this "healthy horse" can serve as an effective
role model for children.
Results
We have prepared an innovative children's book designed to
educate children regarding healthier practices as outlined
in Steps to a HealthierUS. The book is offered at no cost.
Children at Storybook Farm are allowed to read to Paul
Bunyan in the library next to his stall.
Discussion
This concept is unusual in that it is the first instance
of children's book being used as equine-assisted therapy
or "hippotherapy" to convey the human health promotion and
disease prevention goals and objectives outlined in
Healthy People 2010 and Steps to a HealthierUS.
Author
C. Pastorfield, Special Olympics Inc., Washington, DC.
Background
Special Olympics (SO) offers competitive sports for
persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). Consistently,
30-35% of participants have unrecognized health needs. SO
Healthy Athletes (SOHA) has therefore provided free
dental, vision, hearing and other screenings at SO Games.
Because persons with ID have a 40% greater risk of
preventable secondary conditions (e.g. obesity, poor
fitness, diabetes), SOHA established SO Health Promotion (SOHP)
to provide SO athletes with information and encouragement
to make good lifestyle choices.
Methods
SOHP focuses on good nutrition, physical fitness, bone
health, tobacco avoidance and sun safety. It engages
athletes via two formats. SOHP venues at SO Games offer
free BMI and BMD (bone mineral density) measurements and
educational games and handouts. SOHP conducts
community-based (CB) programs to provide year-round
activities to improve fitness and nutrition.
Results
Since its inception in 2002, SOHP has: • Interacted with
over 3000 SO athletes at Games-based venues; • Measured
BMD among over 1,000 athletes and has found that > 20%
have low BMD's (osteopenia or osteoporosis by WHO
criteria); • Established 7 CB pilot programs (6 US, 1
Guatemala). These programs differ in approach and size.
Most involve partnerships with local organizations
(for-profit, non-profit, or governmental). Future SOHP
undertakings include: • Examination of 'best practices',
viz. affecting lifestyle behavior; • Establishment of more
CB pilot programs within the US and internationally •
Outcomes measures of SOHP activities.
Discussion
SOHP seeks to improve the health outcomes of persons with
intellectual disabilities by empowering them to select
healthy lifestyle choices. SOHP venues at SO Games
introduce these concepts to its athletes and provide
useful screening measures. Health Promotion CB programs
work with local partners and volunteers to create
year-round activities to reinforce and encourage healthy
lifestyles.
Return to Conference Agenda
For questions or more information, please contact summit@osophs.dhhs.gov.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
